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The brightest galaxies outside
the Local Group
(to apparent visual mag. 9.0)
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V = member of the Virgo
Cluster. The cluster distance adopted by the HST
Key Project is 14.6 Mpc = 47.6 million l.y.
F = member of the Fornax
cluster. The cluster distance adopted by the HST
Key Project is 18.3 Mpc = 59.7 million l.y.
a The dimensions are maximum sizes as
measured on photographs; the sizes as seen visually
will be smaller. Some of the galaxies have low
surface brightness and hence are not as prominent
visually as the simple magnitude figure would
suggest.
b M. Rejkuba, Astronomy
and Astrophysics, vol.
413, pp. 903–912 (2004). Roberto
Soria et al. found
11.9 million l.y. (The
Astrophysical Journal,
vol.465, pp. 79–90, 1996). I. D.
Karachentsev et al.
found a mean distance to the Centaurus A group of
11.8 million l.y. (Astronomy
and Astrophysics, vol.
385, pp. 21–31, 2002).
e Frank Thim
et al., The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 590, pp. 256–270 (2003).
I. D.
Karachentsev et al.
found a mean distance to the M83 group of 14.9
million l.y. (Astronomy
and Astrophysics, vol.
385, pp. 21–31, 2002).
f Igor D.
Karachentsev et al.,
The Astronomical Journal, vol. 127, pp. 2031–2068
(2004). H. C. Ford
et al. found 29.0
million l.y. (The
Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 458, pp. 455–466, 1996), although this
increases to about 30 million l.y. when more recent
values for the distance of M31 and foreground
extinction are used for calibration.
g Wolfgang
Gieren et al. found
a Cepheid distance of 6.3 million l.y. (Astronomical Journal, vol. 128, pp. 1167–1176,
2004).
k Igor D.
Karachentsev et al.,
The Astronomical Journal, vol. 127, pp. 2031–2068
(2004). John L.
Tonry et al. found
25.0 million l.y. (The
Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 546, pp. 681–693, 2001). John J.
Feldmeier, Robin Ciardullo and George H. Jacoby found 27.4 million l.y. (The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 479, pp. 231–243,
1997).
q J. Bland-Hawthorn et al., Astrophysics and Space Science, vol. 248, pp. 9–19 (1997).
Other sources:ÊMagnitudes and dimensions from The Astronomical Almanac; types from Allan Sandage and G. A.
Tammann, Revised
Shapley–Ames Catalog of Bright Galaxies, Carnegie Institution of Washington,
1987.
Last updated 2005 January
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